The lower costs persist through 2050 because of that lower starting point. Table 2. Values from Figure 3 and Figure 4, which show the normalized and absolute storage costs over time. Storage costs are overnight capital costs for a complete 4-hour battery system. Figure 9.
By definition, the projections follow the same trajectories as the normalized cost values. Storage costs are $147/kWh, $234/kWh, and $339/kWh in 2035 and $108/kWh, $178/kWh, and $307/kWh in 2050. Costs for each year and each trajectory are included in the Appendix, including costs for years after 2050. Figure 4.
The 4-hour cost projections in this report are much lower in 2024 primarily due to the updated initial cost from the bottom-up cost model used in this work. The lower costs persist through 2050 because of that lower starting point. Table 2. Values from Figure 3 and Figure 4, which show the normalized and absolute storage costs over time.
The Storage Futures Study report (Augustine and Blair, 2021) indicates NLR, BloombergNEF (BNEF), and others anticipate the growth of the overall battery industry—across the consumer electronics sector, the transportation sector, and the electric utility sector—will lead to cost reductions in the long term.
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