The installation cost mainly includes the energy storage system cost, power conversion cost and civil construction cost, while the operating cost includes operation and maintenance cost, residual value recovery and other additional costs. . DOE's Energy Storage Grand Challenge supports detailed cost and performance analysis for a variety of energy storage technologies to accelerate their development and deployment The U. The following report represents S&L's. . This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www. Cole, Wesley and Akash Karmakar. Cost Projections for Utility-Scale Battery Storage: 2023 Update. The installation cost mainly. .
