This study explores the techno-economic feasibility of grid-connected photovoltaic systems under various industrial load scenarios in Algeria, using the water cycle algorithm to minimize system costs. . system in Algeria, installed in the rooftop of Centre de Développement des Énergies Renouvelables in Bouzaréah, Algiers. Theoretically. . Energy storage cabinets can smooth out fluctuations caused by non-connected new energy sources connected to the power grid, and maintain the stability of the public utility grid. Also, suppress load jumps, regulate frequency and voltage, and improve power factor. The performance of the photovoltaic system was evaluated based on energy, environmental, and. .
