The residual financial value will be around 40% after being used in an EV (up to 12 years). After 12–20 years, they can go into battery energy storage systems and grid balancing. But what drives their costs here? "Bergen aims to reduce carbon emissions by 55% by 2030 – energy storage is no longer optional but. . This report provides an overview of the Norwegian battery industry, including government policy and relevant documents. It analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of the Norwegian battery value chain and identifies opportunities for Dutch actors in the Norwegian. . Norway already has actors along the complete battery value chain, with three battery cell initiatives already under establishment, in depth materials expertise from the process industry, and not least experience as a front market from electrifi-cation of land and maritime transport. As a result, we. . Researchers at NORCE have analyzed various scenarios and concluded that value stacking, meaning a combination of multiple revenue streams, is the key to profitability. According to the Norwegian Energy Regulatory Authority (RME), Norway needs more batteries to increase liquidity in balancing. . gthening the energy security in Norway and Europe. Today Norway has not one, but two huge battery markets.